Portal vein embolization to increase the volume of healthy liver tissue
Liver
The liver is the largest organ in the body, located in the upper right abdomen, behind the ribs. This organ is composed of two main sections called the right and left lobes, with the right lobe being larger than the left.
Blood supply to the liver is provided through two major vessels known as the portal vein and the hepatic artery. The liver is a vital organ with diverse functions.
Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the liver. It may originate primarily from abnormal liver or bile duct cells, or it can result from the spread of cancer from another organ to the liver (metastasis).
The most common metastases to the liver include cancers of the rectum, colon, lung, breast, pancreas, esophagus, and skin (malignant melanoma).
Liver cancer can occur at any age, but it is more common in men over the age of 60.
Common Symptoms
– Loss of appetite and weight loss
The presence of a painful mass in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Pain in the upper part of the abdomen
Mild fever, usually below 38.3 degrees Celsius.
Yellowing of the eyes and skin
Abdominal swelling caused by fluid accumulation
– Drowsiness
Causes of Cancer
The cause of cancer remains unknown. This type of cancer is more prevalent in populations with higher rates of viral hepatitis and other chronic liver diseases.
After completing the diagnostic process for cancer, the doctor evaluates various treatment options. The treatments for liver cancer vary depending on the type of cancer and its extent of progression.
Primary liver cancer in its early stages, as well as certain secondary tumors, can be managed and partially treated using the following methods.
Tumor Surgery
Radiofrequency Tumor
Cryoablation of Tumor
Direct Tumor Artery Embolization
Liver lobectomy
Liver Transplant
General Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Portal vein embolization to increase the volume of healthy liver tissue
Intervention Clinics
The interventional clinics at pardis noor comprehensive imaging centers, utilizing advanced equipment and a specialized team, provide minimally invasive medical services with high precision and safety.
Portal vein embolization to increase the volume of healthy liver tissue
The liver in the human body can function with 30% of healthy tissue. If a tumor or liver metastases are detected in one of the lobes (left or right), this method can be utilized for treatment. Initially, the volume of the healthy liver lobe is measured using CT imaging. If the volume of healthy tissue exceeds 30%, lobectomy can be performed without embolization. However, if the volume of healthy tissue is less than 30% of the total liver volume, portal vein embolization is carried out to block the vein of the affected (metastatic) lobe. This procedure increases blood flow to the healthy lobe tissue, ultimately leading to an increase in the volume of the healthy lobe tissue within 4 to 6 weeks.
To confirm this matter, a repeat CT scan and evaluation of the healthy liver tissue volume are necessary. Following the reassessment, the patient will be prepared for a lobectomy procedure. This method is highly effective in the treatment and management of cancer.
Treatment Priorities
The first recommendation for successful treatment is surgery to completely remove the tumor, which is the best option if feasible. If surgery is not possible, alternative methods are suggested, such as thermal ablation (destruction of the lesion using radiofrequency waves – RF.A), cryoablation (freezing the lesion), systemic chemotherapy, localized chemotherapy (embolization), radiotherapy, alcohol injection, or CyberKnife radiation therapy for the tumor.
In some cases, the entire liver may be removed and replaced with a transplanted liver. In more advanced stages, chemotherapy combined with certain other treatment methods is recommended, which is expected to yield better outcomes.
Method of Performing Portal Vein Embolization
After performing the necessary imaging and tests, the portal vein is first identified under imaging guidance. A specialized needle is then directly inserted into the targeted liver vein through the skin.
Once the needle is positioned correctly, a combination of blocking agents is introduced into the vein. This procedure leads to the occlusion of the portal vein, cessation of blood flow, and ultimately results in the shrinkage of unhealthy tissue and the enlargement of healthy tissue in the opposite lobe. All of these steps are performed to prepare the liver for a lobectomy of the metastatic tissue.
Please pay attention.
It is essential for the patient to be under the supervision of a surgeon (specializing in cancer or the gastrointestinal system) so that surgery can be performed immediately after embolization.
Necessary Preparations for Embolization
Perform a CT scan to evaluate liver volume.
– Perform liver function tests
– Perform a blood coagulation test
Bringing previous medical records (CT scan, MRI, etc.)
Fasting for 6 hours prior to the procedure.
Bathing and removal of hair from the right groin area.
The presence of an accompanying person for administrative procedures and patient support.
Pay attention.
This procedure is usually performed on an outpatient basis, and the patient is discharged 3 to 4 hours after the operation. However, depending on the condition and the discretion of the treating physician, hospitalization for up to 24 hours may be required.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the purpose of portal vein embolization?
This method is performed to enhance blood flow to the healthy liver tissue, preparing the liver for surgery or subsequent treatments.
Is this method invasive?
No, portal vein embolization is a minimally invasive procedure and is performed without the need for open surgery.
How long is the recovery time after embolization?
The patient is usually discharged within 1 to 2 days, and liver function is assessed in the following weeks.